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Chi scarica DeepSeek rischia il carcere: la proposta folle

Chi scarica DeepSeek rischia il carcere: la proposta folle

Il senatore repubblicano Josh Hawley ha recentemente presentato una proposta di legge che vieterebbe l'importazione ed esportazione di tecnologie AI tra USA e Cina. Le ampie e vaghe formulazioni potrebbero penalizzare anche gli utenti privati che scaricano software come DeepSeek.

Evidentemente non siamo ancora arrivati a toccare il fondo del barile. Nell’eterno braccio di ferro tra USA e Cina, adesso il Paese a stelle e strisce prova a mettere al tappeto la concorrenza utilizzando la legge come una mazza ferrata. Il senatore repubblicano Josh Hawley ha recentemente presentato un disegno di legge che, se approvato, vieterebbe l’importazione e l’esportazione di tecnologie di intelligenza artificiale (AI) tra Stati Uniti e Cina. Il provvedimento, denominato Decoupling America’s Artificial Intelligence Capabilities from China Act, prevede pene severe per chiunque violi il divieto, con sanzioni che possono arrivare fino a 20 anni di reclusione o un milione di dollari di multa. Hawley non nasconde che la sua idea nasce dall’ascesa di DeepSeek, azienda che ha rapidamente guadagnato popolarità a livello internazionale.

Download di DeepSeek: negli USA potrebbe diventare un reato

Il senatore Hawley ha descritto DeepSeek come “un modello a basso costo per la raccolta dati che ha suscitato preoccupazioni globali e ha fatto crollare le azioni tecnologiche americane“. Non è propriamente così e in un altro nostro articolo abbiamo spiegato perché l’arrivo di DeepSeek è una cosa positiva e deve essere considerato come uno sprone a far meglio.

Eppure, dall’altra parte dell’oceano, non solo si pensa al divieto di importazione per i modelli AI cinesi, ma anche a restrizioni più ampie. Le aziende e le università statunitensi, ad esempio, non potranno condurre ricerche con le istituzioni cinesi. Inoltre, le imprese USA non potranno finanziare lo sviluppo dell’AI in Cina.

Infine, la condivisione pubblica di articoli accademici e dati sui modelli AI potrebbe essere soggetta a restrizioni se vi è il rischio che tali informazioni siano accessibili in Cina.

Un rischio per gli utenti comuni?

A preoccupare ulteriormente è la formulazione ampia e vaga del testo normativo. La legge stabilisce che chiunque “importi” tecnologie AI dalla Cina potrebbe essere soggetto a sanzioni penali.  Questo significa che anche un utente privato che scarica consapevolmente un’applicazione basata su un modello di AI cinese potrebbe essere perseguito legalmente.

Il termine “importazione” è particolarmente problematico: secondo le interpretazioni più restrittive, potrebbe riferirsi a qualsiasi tipo di accesso a software AI cinese, compreso il semplice download di un’app. Se applicata in maniera estensiva, quindi, la legge potrebbe portare alla criminalizzazione di milioni di utenti che scaricano DeepSeek e altre applicazioni simili.

Kevin Bankston, Senior Advisor on AI Governance presso il Center for Democracy & Technology, ha criticato duramente la proposta di legge, definendola “un attacco all’idea stessa di dialogo scientifico e scambio tecnologico“. Secondo Bankston, inoltre, le pene previste sarebbero sproporzionate e avrebbero un impatto negativo sulla libertà accademica e sulla ricerca aperta.

D’altra parte, poter contare su modelli generativi aperti è ciò che più favorisce il progresso e permette di spingere davvero sull’acceleratore dell’innovazione.

La proposta di legge Hawley è certamente un’azione politica aggressiva volta a mantenere il primato tecnologico degli Stati Uniti. Le sue implicazioni, tuttavia, potrebbero rivelarsi dannose per la comunità scientifica e per la libertà di accesso alle tecnologie emergenti. I rischi di una regolamentazione eccessivamente restrittiva sono sotto gli occhi di tutti.

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