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Davvero un PDF a pagina singola può misurare la metà della superficie dell'Italia?

Davvero un PDF a pagina singola può misurare la metà della superficie dell'Italia?

Le dimensioni massime di un documento PDF in termini di lunghezza e larghezza di ogni singola pagina sono molto più elevate di quello che potreste immaginare. Sapevate che Adobe Acrobat accetta documenti di 381 chilometri per lato? E altri lettori si spingono addirittura più in là.
Davvero un PDF a pagina singola può misurare la metà della superficie dell'Italia?

Da tempo circola in rete l’affermazione secondo cui un file PDF a pagina singola possa arrivare a coprire circa la metà della superficie di un intero Paese come l’Italia. Nello specifico, la superficie della nostra nazione misura poco più di 300.000 km2; se si potesse stampare un unico documento PDF, si potrebbe produrre un foglio largo 381 x 381 chilometri, ovvero 145.161 km2. Da dove proviene questa curiosa asserzione? Inoltre, dipende dalle specifiche del formato oppure ha a che fare con i lettori di file PDF?

Della limitazione si trova traccia su Wikipedia, che a sua volta fa riferimento al documento PDF Reference del 2006, pubblicato sul sito di Adobe. Secondo le specifiche del PDF (versione 1.7), Adobe Acrobat impone un limite nelle dimensioni pari a 15 milioni per 15 milioni di pollici, equivalente appunto a 381 x 381 chilometri. Questa restrizione, introdotta con PDF 1.6, è associata alla versione 7 del software Acrobat. Ma cosa succede se creiamo un documento PDF a singola pagina che eccede tali dimensioni?

La struttura dei documenti PDF

La struttura tipica di un file PDF comprende un numero di versione, una lista di oggetti che rappresentano vari elementi, una tabella xref per i riferimenti agli oggetti, un trailer con i metadati del documento e un puntatore startxref, utile per interagire con il contenuto della tabella xref.

Alex Chan spiega che, armandosi di un po’ di pazienza, si possono modificare le dimensioni della pagina intervenendo sui parametri /MediaBox e /UserUnit, contenuti nel PDF. Il primo permette di impostare le dimensioni di ciascuna pagina, mentre il secondo aiuta a regolare la scala.

Aumentando sia i valori di /MediaBox che di /UserUnit, le dimensioni della pagina possono essere notevolmente estese. Il massimo consentito da Acrobat, come abbiamo detto, è di 381 chilometri per lato. Eventuali valori che dovessero superare questo limite sono puntualmente ignorati da parte del software Adobe.

Mentre Acrobat impone un limite sulle dimensioni dei PDF, non tutti i programmi applicano lo stesso vincolo. Ad esempio, l’applicazione di anteprima su macOS ignora l’impostazione di /UserUnit e consente valori di /MediaBox praticamente illimitati. In un esperimento giocoso, Chan ha creato un file PDF con una larghezza equivalente alla distanza tra Terra e Luna.

Dimensioni massime file PDF

Si prenda in esame l’esempio in figura: la lunghezza di un lato del documento PDF è di poco inferiore alla distanza che separa la superficie terrestre da quella lunare (384.400 km).

Nello svelare l’enigma dei limiti legati alla dimensione dei PDF, scopriamo che mentre Adobe Acrobat impone delle restrizioni (seppur generosissime…), il mondo più ampio dei PDF presenta una tela con più flessibilità e potenziale di quanto si possa pensare.

Credit immagine apertura: iStock.com – 1xpert

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