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Extropic vuole rivoluzionare l'IA con i suoi acceleratori termodinamici

Extropic vuole rivoluzionare l'IA con i suoi acceleratori termodinamici

La startup Extropic propone una soluzione che, in prospettiva, mira a rivoluzionare il computing tradizionale nelle applicazioni di intelligenza artificiale. Fondata dall'ex di Alphabet X, Guillaume Verdon, l'azienda propone di realizzare acceleratori per l'IA basati su chip termodinamici passivi.

Le soluzioni basate sull’intelligenza artificiale rappresentano una vera e propria miniera d’oro, sia per chi le progetta e realizza, sia per chi ne fa utilizzo, soprattutto in ambito aziendale. Il carico di lavoro necessario per le attività di inferenza ma, soprattutto, per l’addestramento del modello è crescente e mette a dura prova anche le configurazioni più evolute.

Extropic, startup guidata dall’ex ricercatore quantistico di Alphabet X, Guillaume Verdon, afferma di essere in grado di realizzare acceleratori IA che sono molti ordini di grandezza più veloci ed efficienti dal punto di vista energetico rispetto ai chip tradizionali: CPU, GPU, TPU e FPGA. A conferma dell’interesse che ruota attorno al progetto di Extropic, l’azienda ha recentemente ottenuto un finanziamento da 14,1 milioni di dollari.

Una nuova era per l’informatica con l’intelligenza artificiale e i chip termodinamici

Nell’introduzione pubblicata sul sito di Extropic, Verdon e i suoi spiegano che è indispensabile introdurre un nuovo paradigma per il calcolo probabilistico, più distante dalle soluzioni fino ad oggi utilizzate. I prototipi di chip termodinamici passivi Extropic eseguono gli algoritmi stocastici ampiamente usati nelle applicazioni di IA sotto forma di processi fisici, rapidi ed efficienti dal punto di vista energetico.

Secondo Verdon, la soluzione prospettata sarebbe molto più in linea con la natura dei modelli generativi rispetto all’utilizzo dei chip tradizionali, che invece cercano di abbracciare la probabilità e l’incertezza in modo piuttosto innaturale, introducendo inefficienze.

Ciò che sta facendo Extropic è integrare tutti i processi di calcolo neurale in un chip termodinamico analogico. Il fondatore e CEO Verdon spiega che gli ingegneri della sua startup hanno lavorato sodo e continuano a raccogliere quanto appreso dal quantum computing adattandolo a un approccio termodinamico.

Extropic, ecco i chip termodinamici

Nell’immagine apparsa sul sito di Extropic si vedono due giunzioni di Josephson, componenti transistoriali adatti per i tipi di problemi non lineari complessi, comunemente affrontati dall’IA. Quello mostrato è soltanto un piccolo modulo del processore che sarà poi utilizzato nei sistemi di supercalcolo.

Extropic si unisce ad altre aziende determinate a ripensare il ruolo dei processori tradizionali

In un altro articolo abbiamo parlato dello storico passaggio dai bit ai qubit, con la futura diffusione dei computer quantistici. Ecco, Extropic – come altre aziende – sembrano parlare di un racconto già scritto: gli attuali chip non riuscirebbero a stare al passo con i requisiti computazionali e con le crescenti dimensioni dei modelli generativi.

Non è dello stesso avviso NVIDIA, che a marzo 2024 ha presentato una soluzione scalabile verso l’alto quasi all’infinito basata sulla nuova architettura Blackwell.

Per Verdon e i suoi, invece, la potenza delle GPU e degli altri chip può certamente crescere, ma con essa aumenteranno fortemente i consumi energetici e i requisiti per la dissipazione del calore. Ci vuole quindi una soluzione innovativa, che in prospettiva futura “rompa” con la tradizione, sebbene utilizzata ormai da 50 anni a questa parte.

Le sfide da affrontare, tuttavia, sono tante. Anche perché i prototipi di Extropic funzionano a basse temperature per manifestare il comportamento di superconduttori. La startup, tuttavia, starebbe preparando dispositivi in grado di operare a temperatura ambiente. In questo caso si utilizzeranno transistor al posto delle giunzioni di Josephson, sacrificando l’efficienza energetica ma aprendo alla possibilità di usare una scheda di espansione.

Le immagini pubblicate nell’articolo sono tratte dal sito ufficiale di Extropic.

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