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Addio scheda SD, come avviare Raspberry Pi 5 con un'unità SSD NVMe | IlSoftware.it

Addio scheda SD, come avviare Raspberry Pi 5 con un'unità SSD NVMe

Come avviare una scheda Raspberry Pi 5 da una veloce unità SSD PCIe NVMe M.2: una guida pratica alla configurazione hardware e software del sistema.

Chi utilizza una scheda Raspberry, di solito è abituato ad avviarla ricorrendo a una microSD. Le schede SD sono versatili ed economiche ma, allo stesso tempo, sono piuttosto lente se paragonate con gli SSD PCIe NVMe. Di recente abbiamo visto come avviare Raspberry Pi 5 da un supporto USB: stavolta “rilanciamo” presentando la procedura che consente il boot da SSD NVMe.

Raspberry Pi 5 è la prima scheda della nota gamma di single-board computer a supportare una connessione PCI Express (PCIe). È infatti presente un connettore che permette il collegamento di dispositivo compatibile PCIe. Perché non porsi alle spalle l’utilizzo della tradizionale scheda SD e abbracciare un moderno e più performante SSD NVMe?

L’adattatore PCIe NVMe per collegare un’unità SSD “ultimo grido” con la scheda Raspberry Pi 5

Per fare in modo che Raspberry Pi 5 riconosca un SSD M.2, è necessario ricorrere all’uso di una scheda che svolga il ruolo di adattatore. Ne esistono già diversi modelli sul mercato: Geekworm X1001 PCIe M.2 NVMe è uno di essi. In alternativa si può usare la basetta NVMe Pimoroni. La prima supporta SSD M.2 M-KEY 2230/2242/2260/2280; la seconda può accogliere unità 2230 o 2280 in uguale formato. Parlando di compatibilità NVMe, abbiamo spiegato nel dettaglio il significato di M-KEY.

Collegamenti adattatore PCIe NVMe Raspberry Pi

Entrambe le soluzioni consentono di impilare la base per la connessione dell’unità SSD sulla scheda Raspberry Pi 5, utilizzando appositi distanziatori e un compatto cavo a nastro PCIe. È bene porre la massima attenzione quando si maneggia il cavo e si inserisce il connettore nell’apposito slot. Sono componenti delicati ed è quindi indispensabile muoversi con la massima cautela per evitare di fare danni.

SSD PCIe NVMe su Raspberry Pi 5

Come ultimo passo lato hardware, è sufficiente collegare un’unità SSD M.2 NVMe compatibile nello slot che l’adattatore per Raspberry Pi 5 mette a disposizione.

Prepararsi al boot da SSD NVMe: configurazione software

Il modo più semplice per effettuare il boot di Raspberry Pi 5 da un’unità SSD NVMe, consiste nel caricare il sistema operativo da avviare in una scheda microSD, come si fa di solito. Allo scopo, come illustrato nell’articolo citato in apertura, si può usare il programma Raspberry Pi Imager. In un altro articolo abbiamo presentato una guida a Raspberry Pi Imager.

Effettuato normalmente il boot da tale supporto, si può impartire il comando seguente per verificare che il firmware sia aggiornato:

sudo rpi-eeprom-update -a

A questo punto, si deve modificare il contenuto del file /boot/config.txt aggiungendovi le seguenti due righe:

dtparam=pciex1
dtparam=nvme

Per aprire il file, basta digitare sudo nano /boot/config.txt mentre per salvare le modifiche si deve prima premere CTRL+O e quindi CTRL+X per uscire dall’editor di testo.

Così come impostata, la scheda userà l’unità SSD stabilendo una connessione PCIe Gen 2.0 (5 GT/s). Sebbene si tratta di una modalità non ancora ufficialmente supportata, è però possibile attivare anche PCIe Gen 3.0 (10 GT/sec) aggiungendo questa riga al file:

dtparam=pciex1_gen=3

Dopo aver salvato il file di configurazione, Raspberry Pi 5 deve essere necessariamente riavviata affinché le modifiche abbiano effetto. L’intervento consente di modificare l’ordine di avvio dei dispositivi di memorizzazione collegati con la scheda Raspberry.

Copiare il sistema operativo dalla scheda microSD all’unità SSD NVMe

Come spiega anche il sito di Geekworm, uno dei produttori dell’adattatore PCIe NVMe M.2 per Raspberry Pi 5, è a questo punto necessario trasferire il contenuto della scheda microSD sull’unità SSD NVMe. Dal menu principale Raspberry, si deve fare clic su Accessori quindi avviare l’applicazione SD Card Copier.

All’avvio di SD Card Copier, si deve specificare la scheda microSD di origine e l’unità SSD di destinazione. La casella New Partition UUIDs deve essere spuntata.

Copia scheda microSD Raspberry Pi su SSD NVMe

Al termine dell’operazione di copia, è necessario riscrivere il firmware in modo che la scheda Raspberry Pi 5 possa effettivamente avviarsi dall’unità SSD:

sudo rpi-eeprom-config --edit

Dopo l’apertura del file, si deve modificare la direttiva BOOT_ORDER=0xf41 trasformandola in BOOT_ORDER=0xf416. Inoltre suggeriamo di aggiungere alla configurazione anche la riga seguente:

PCIE_PROBE=1

Rimuovendo a questo punto la scheda microSD quindi riavviando Raspberry Pi 5, il sistema operativo dovrebbe finalmente essere avviato dall’unità SSD NVMe, con tutti i conseguenti benefici in termini di prestazioni.

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