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La Cina vuole controllare tutti su internet con un ID

La Cina vuole controllare tutti su internet con un ID

La Cina lancia un ID Internet Nazionale per centralizzare l'identità digitale, sollevando dubbi su privacy e libertà di espressione: che chi parla già di "totalitarismo digitale".
La Cina vuole controllare tutti su internet con un ID

Il controllo dell’identità digitale sta diventando una questione centrale nel dibattito sulla gestione della rete e della sicurezza online. La Cina si prepara a implementare un sistema di ID nazionale obbligatorio per navigare su internet, un sistema che potrebbe permettere allo Stato di controllare la navigazione e le comunicazioni di oltre un miliardo di cittadini-utenti.

Presentato inizialmente come un’opzione volontaria, il sistema diventerà operativo da metà luglio, con l’obiettivo dichiarato di rafforzare la protezione dei dati personali e regolamentare l’economia digitale. Ma i dubbi sono enormi e il rischio è elevatissimo.

Sorveglianza e controllo digitale

Con il nuovo ID Internet, il governo cinese sarà in grado di monitorare le attività online dei cittadini con una precisione senza precedenti. Questo sistema consente una gestione più efficiente della rimozione di contenuti considerati indesiderabili, alimentando il timore di una crescente limitazione della libertà di espressione.

Xiao Qiang, ricercatore dell’Università della California, ha definito questa misura un pilastro del “totalitarismo digitale“, evidenziando il rischio di esclusione simultanea degli utenti da più piattaforme in caso di violazioni delle norme.

Rischi per la sicurezza informatica

Un aspetto critico di questa iniziativa riguarda la vulnerabilità dei dati. Un database centralizzato, come quello previsto dal sistema, potrebbe diventare un bersaglio per attacchi informatici.

Il caso del 2022, quando un attacco al database della polizia ha esposto le informazioni di un miliardo di cittadini, dimostra quanto siano concreti questi rischi. Secondo il professor Haochen Sun dell’Università di Hong Kong, il nuovo sistema di ID Internet potrebbe aggravare tali problematiche, mettendo a rischio la sicurezza informatica nazionale.

Adesione forzata e incentivi

Sebbene il governo cinese presenti l’iniziativa come facoltativa, gli esperti prevedono che l’adesione diventerà praticamente obbligatoria. Attraverso incentivi e facilitazioni nell’accesso ai servizi digitali, sarà sempre più difficile per i cittadini evitare di registrarsi. Questo approccio solleva ulteriori interrogativi sulla trasparenza e sull’effettiva volontarietà del sistema.

La proposta ha suscitato numerose critiche, soprattutto in ambito accademico. La professoressa Lao Dongyan della Tsinghua University ha paragonato il sistema a un dispositivo di sorveglianza permanente, evidenziando le implicazioni negative per la privacy e i diritti digitali.

Nonostante queste critiche, i media di stato continuano a promuovere l’iniziativa come un “giubbotto antiproiettile per le informazioni personali”. Ad oggi, circa sei milioni di cittadini hanno già registrato il proprio identificativo, un numero ancora limitato rispetto alla vastità dell’utenza internet cinese.

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