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Microsoft: perché Windows installa driver vecchi o multipli

Microsoft: perché Windows installa driver vecchi o multipli

Con la fine del supporto a Windows 10, Microsoft fornisce qualche elemento sulla gestione degli aggiornamenti dei driver in Windows. Spiega la nomenclatura dei driver, il motivo per cui Windows Update mostra driver con date antecedenti e la presenza di più driver per lo stesso dispositivo.

Con la fine del supporto a Windows 10 e il conseguente aumento degli aggiornamenti hardware, molti utenti stanno riscoprendo un vecchio dilemma: come gestire correttamente i driver del proprio PC. Microsoft, consapevole della confusione che può nascere tra aggiornamenti automatici, versioni diverse e nomi poco chiari, ha pubblicato un nuovo documento di supporto — KB5070538, “Understanding driver updates” — per spiegare in modo dettagliato come funziona il sistema di aggiornamento dei driver in Windows.

I nomi dei driver e le differenze tra versioni in Windows

Il documento parte dalle basi: un driver è un componente software che consente al sistema operativo di comunicare con l’hardware. Aggiornarlo serve a migliorare la compatibilità, correggere errori e talvolta introdurre nuove funzionalità. Tuttavia, per l’utente comune, la gestione dei driver può risultare complessa, specialmente con i diversi canali di distribuzione come Windows Update, i siti dei produttori o i tool di terze parti.

Uno dei punti affrontati da Microsoft riguarda la nomenclatura dei driver. Le versioni più datate seguivano uno schema del tipo nome produttore – classe dispositivo – numero di versione.

Questi nomi possono ancora comparire durante l’installazione di driver più vecchi e nello stesso Windows 11 appaiono spesso nella Cronologia degli aggiornamenti, nella sezione Aggiornamenti dei driver, generando apparente incoerenza rispetto agli standard attuali. Il sistema, spiega Microsoft, è tuttavia in grado di riconoscere e gestire correttamente entrambe le convenzioni.

Perché Windows Update mostra driver “vecchi”

Un dubbio molto diffuso tra gli utenti riguarda la presenza di driver con date di rilascio indietro nel tempo. Microsoft chiarisce che la data riportata non sempre riflette la reale età del software: è il produttore a stabilirla, e può farlo per motivi tecnici o di compatibilità.

In altre parole, non è la data a determinare l’obsolescenza, bensì la versione e la compatibilità con il dispositivo. Windows Update, infatti, sceglie il driver migliore in base alle informazioni e ai criteri forniti dal produttore, non semplicemente in base alla cronologia temporale.

Più driver per lo stesso dispositivo

Un’altra situazione che genera confusione è la presenza di più driver apparentemente identici. Microsoft spiega che, per motivi di efficienza, un singolo dispositivo può richiedere diversi driver al fine di gestire funzioni separate.

Anche se i numeri di versione possono sembrare non coerenti o duplicati, il sistema operativo riconosce quali componenti installare e li gestisce in modo ottimizzato.

Per ottenere una lista dei driver installati sul sistema in uso, diciamo noi, si può premere Windows+X, selezionare Terminale (Admin) quindi impartire il comando PowerShell che segue:

Get-WmiObject Win32_PnPSignedDriver | Select-Object DeviceName, DriverVersion, DriverProviderName | Sort-Object DeviceName

Si tratta dei driver riconducibili ai dispositivi elencati nella finestra Gestione dispositivi (premere Windows+X e scegliere Gestione dispositivi).

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