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Microsoft usa l'AI per scoprire vulnerabilità in GRUB2, U-Boot e Barebox

Microsoft usa l'AI per scoprire vulnerabilità in GRUB2, U-Boot e Barebox

Microsoft ha scoperto 20 vulnerabilità nei bootloader open source GRUB2, U-Boot e Barebox utilizzando il suo strumento AI, Security Copilot. Gli attacchi a livello di bootloader possono compromettere completamente un dispositivo, come dimostrato dal malware BlackLotus.

Microsoft ha rivelato di aver scoperto 20 vulnerabilità finora sconosciute nei bootloader open source GRUB2, U-Boot e Barebox grazie all’uso del suo strumento Security Copilot basato sull’utilizzo dell’intelligenza artificiale (AI). GRUB2 (GRand Unified Bootloader) è il bootloader predefinito per la maggior parte delle distribuzioni Linux. U-Boot e Barebox, invece, sono ampiamente utilizzati nei dispositivi embedded e IoT.

La scoperta dell’azienda di Redmond è interessante perché gli attacchi a livello di bootloader possono avere conseguenze gravi, inclusa la compromissione totale del dispositivo. Microsoft sottolinea che, sebbene la maggior parte degli exploit richieda accesso fisico, malware come BlackLotus hanno dimostrato che gli aggressori possono infettare il bootloader e aggirare i meccanismi di sicurezza anche a distanza.

Implicazioni e possibili attacchi a livello di bootloader

Nell’analisi pubblicata da Microsoft, i tecnici della società guidata da Satya Nadella riportano l’elenco completo delle vulnerabilità individuate in GRUB2, U-Boot e Barebox grazie all’AI. Alcuni problemi portano alla generazione di buffer overflow e integer overflow, altre riguardano la gestione del file system, altri ancora impattano sulle funzioni crittografiche.

Facendo sempre l’esempio di BlackLotus, Microsoft spiega che le implicazioni derivanti dall’insediamento di un bootkit sono significative: l’attaccante ottiene il controllo completo del dispositivo, della fase di avvio e del sistema operativo, con la possibilità di aggredire altri dispositivi connessi alla rete e installare malware persistente.

Il ruolo di Security Copilot e dell’AI

Microsoft ha evidenziato come Security Copilot abbia significativamente accelerato il processo di analisi, riducendo di circa una settimana il tempo necessario per l’individuazione delle vulnerabilità. Oltre a scoprire le falle, il sistema AI ha anche suggerito possibili correzioni, facilitando il rilascio di patch da parte della comunità open source.

Un altro aspetto rilevante è che, grazie alle analisi condotte su GRUB2, Security Copilot ha individuato falle simili in U-Boot e Barebox, dimostrando l’efficacia di un approccio AI-driven per la sicurezza del software open source.

Le vulnerabilità scoperte da Microsoft sono state oggetto di correzione nei rispettivi progetti a febbraio 2025. Gli utenti e gli amministratori di sistema sono quindi invitati ad aggiornare GRUB2, U-Boot e Barebox alle ultime versioni disponibili per neutralizzare i rischi di exploit.

Credit immagine in apertura: iStock.com – Galeanu Mihai

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