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Mozilla: nuove normative UE spingono sempre più utenti verso Firefox

Mozilla: nuove normative UE spingono sempre più utenti verso Firefox

Mozilla sostiene che il Digital Markets Act europeo abbia portato 6 milioni di nuovi utenti sul suo browser Firefox.
Mozilla: nuove normative UE spingono sempre più utenti verso Firefox

Mozilla sostiene che le nuove normative europee abbiano già prodotto effetti concreti sulla diffusione di Firefox. Secondo quanto dichiarato dalla fondazione al The Register, le regole introdotte dal Digital Markets Act avrebbero portato circa sei milioni di utenti aggiuntivi al browser open source, grazie alle modifiche imposte ai grandi operatori tecnologici.

Il dato rappresenta uno dei primi esempi tangibili dell’impatto che la regolamentazione europea può avere su un mercato storicamente dominato da Google Chrome, Safari e Microsoft Edge. Per anni Mozilla ha denunciato il peso delle impostazioni predefinite nei sistemi operativi, sostenendo che molti utenti non cambiano browser semplicemente perché le piattaforme rendono difficile la scelta iniziale.

Come il DMA cambia la distribuzione dei browser

Il punto centrale riguarda la cosiddetta “choice architecture”. Su smartphone e computer moderni il browser preinstallato gode di un vantaggio enorme: integrazione di sistema, configurazione automatica e collegamenti diretti con altri servizi della piattaforma.

Il DMA, entrato pienamente in vigore nel 2024, ha obbligato le piattaforme designate come gatekeeper a offrire schermate di selezione più neutrali durante la configurazione iniziale dei dispositivi. Android e iOS devono ora presentare opzioni alternative agli utenti europei, e secondo Mozilla il risultato è stato immediato, con l’aumento concentrato soprattutto sul mercato mobile.

La fondazione non si ferma però alla sola distribuzione: continua ad accusare Apple di ostacolare la concorrenza imponendo su iOS l’utilizzo obbligatorio del motore WebKit per tutti i browser distribuiti tramite App Store. Per anni Firefox su iPhone non ha potuto usare il proprio engine Gecko, riducendo fortemente la capacità di innovazione tecnica rispetto all’ecosistema desktop.

Con il DMA l’Unione Europea ha imposto ad Apple l’apertura ai motori alternativi almeno nel mercato europeo, e Mozilla sta lavorando a una versione iOS di Firefox basata su Gecko, anche se il rollout appare ancora graduale. La questione va oltre la competizione commerciale: un mercato dominato da pochi engine, oggi essenzialmente Chromium e WebKit, riduce la diversità tecnologica dell’intero web.

Firefox, l’accordo con Google e gli equilibri del mercato

Nonostante i nuovi utenti europei, Mozilla continua ad affrontare problemi economici notevoli.

Gran parte delle entrate della fondazione deriva ancora dall’accordo con Google per il motore di ricerca predefinito in Firefox, una situazione spesso criticata dalla comunità open source perché lega economicamente il principale browser indipendente proprio all’azienda che domina il mercato con Chrome. Mozilla ha cercato di diversificare le entrate tramite servizi come Mozilla VPN e Firefox Relay, ma il browser resta il cuore dell’intera organizzazione.

I sei milioni di utenti aggiuntivi potrebbero avere quindi un valore importante anche sul piano finanziario: maggiore utilizzo significa più traffico di ricerca e più peso nei negoziati futuri con i partner commerciali.

Il mercato browser resta comunque estremamente concentrato. Chromium costituisce oggi la base tecnica di Chrome, Edge, Opera, Brave e numerosi altri browser, e quando un singolo motore influenza gran parte del traffico globale aumenta il rischio di dipendenza tecnologica per sviluppatori e aziende. Firefox rimane uno degli ultimi grandi browser dotati di un engine proprietario completamente separato, e proprio per questo molti sostenitori dell’open web considerano importante la sua sopravvivenza, indipendentemente dalle quote di mercato.

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