Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Site::$pingback is deprecated in /var/www/html/web/app/themes/ilsoftware/vendor/timber/timber/lib/Site.php on line 180

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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$fonte is deprecated in /var/www/html/web/app/themes/ilsoftware/vendor/timber/timber/lib/Core.php on line 71

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Netscape Navigator: buon compleanno allo storico browser Web

Netscape Navigator: buon compleanno allo storico browser Web

Cos'è Netscape Navigator e come il primo vero browser utilizzato da una larga fetta di utenti a livello mondiale cambiò il mondo del Web, quasi 30 anni fa.
Netscape Navigator: buon compleanno allo storico browser Web

Il primo browser risale al 1990, presentato da Tim Berners-Lee, padre del Web. Quel progetto originale era chiamato “WorldWideWeb”: in seguito diventò Nexus, per evitare di ingenerare confusione. Fu sviluppato su un computer NeXT, la società fondata da Steve Jobs dopo che lasciò Apple.

Fatta eccezione per Nexus, che di fatto fu realizzato per scopi dimostrativi, il primo browser Web a guadagnare una certa popolarità è Mosaic, messo a punto da NCSA (National Center for Supercomputing Applications).

A distanza di circa un anno, uno dei co-creatori del browser, Marc Andreessen, abbandonò NCSA e con l’aiuto di Jim Clark, fondatore di Silicon Graphics, creò Mosaic Communications Corporation, in seguito ribattezzata Netscape Communications Corporation (NCSA si oppose all’uso dell’appellativo Mosaic).

29 anni fa nasceva Netscape Navigator

Nel mese di dicembre 1994, vide la luce Netscape Navigator 1.0, browser Web compatibile con Windows 3.1, Macintosh System 7.0 e UNIX X Window System.

Netscape Navigator

La primissima release di Netscape Navigator includeva quelle che sarebbero diventate funzionalità standard per altri browser: si pensi al caricamento simultaneo di immagini e testo da una pagina Web, al supporto per il popolare formato JPEG compresso per le immagini, ai segnalibri gerarchici.

Lo schema di licenza di Netscape Navigator rappresentava un “unicum” per quel periodo: mentre ai singoli individui era ancora consentito scaricare e utilizzare il browser gratuitamente (così come alle realtà del mondo didattico e accademico oltre che alle organizzazioni senza scopo di lucro), le aziende erano chiamate al versamento di un corrispettivo in denaro. Il prezzo applicato per singolo utente commerciale era di 39 dollari.

Cosa ha rappresentato Netscape Navigator per il World Wide Web

Il lancio di Netscape Navigator 1.0 a fine 1994 ha davvero contribuito al forte impulso della “rivoluzione World Wide Web”, ancor più del lancio del precedente Mosaic.

All’epoca la versione per Windows necessitava di un computer dotato di almeno 4 MB di RAM, 5 MB di spazio di archiviazione libero su hard disk e modem in grado di collegarsi in dialup ad almeno 9600 bps. Netscape consigliava di dotarsi dei modelli da 28.800 bps.

A “uso e consumo” delle aziende, Netscape fornì anche una serie di prodotti server, chiamati Netsite. Nello specifico, Netsite Commerce Server, incorporava Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), basato sulla tecnologia RSA Data Security. Si tratta del primo software server sicuro disponibile per il Web.

Accettando le connessioni in ingresso da client Netscape Navigator o da altri browser Internet compatibili SSL, Netsite Commerce Server consentiva agli utenti di trasferire dati in sicurezza in entrambe le direzioni.

I periodi successivi al debutto della prima versione di Netscape Navigator: la concorrenza con Internet Explorer

Netscape Navigator 2.0 è invece databile settembre 1995, meno di un anno dopo. Questa nuova versione aggiunse un numero di funzionalità ancora più ampio e più in linea con quelle di browser moderni: si pensi al supporto per JavaScript e alle immagini GIF animate.

Quasi contemporaneamente, ad agosto 1995, Microsoft lanciò il suo primo Internet Explorer. Era un browser scarno e solo con la release 2.0, datata novembre 1995, arrivò anche in questo caso il supporto per JavaScript.

Netscape sembra lanciatissima ma, complici una serie di problemi nelle successive release, e il comportamento aggressivo di Microsoft, la storia di Internet Explorer dimostra come l’azienda, co-fondata da Bill Gates, azzeccò le tappe cruciali. Per vedere un avversario degno di tal nome nel campo di battaglia dei browser bisognerà infatti attendere fino al 2004 con il debutto della prima release stabile di Mozilla Firefox. Con l’avvento di quel prodotto (in realtà nacque nel 2002 con il nome di Phoenix) e una vertenza legale avviata nel 1998 a carico di Microsoft per abuso di posizione dominante, Internet Explorer cominciò a ridurre significativamente le sue quote di mercato.

Tutto cambiò di nuovo con l’avvento di Google Chrome nel 2008: il resto è storia.

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