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Nuovo modello AI per previsioni meteo europeo: perché è così interessante?

Nuovo modello AI per previsioni meteo europeo: perché è così interessante?

Creato da ECMWF si chiama AIFS e sembra voler sfidare direttamente GenCast di Google: tutto sul nuovo modello AI.

Il Centro Europeo per le Previsioni Meteorologiche a Medio Termine (ECMWF) ha recentemente svelato il suo modello di previsione basato sull’Intelligenza Artificiale. L’iniziativa segue un progetto simile, lanciato da Google a dicembre 2024.

La nuova piattaforma, denominata Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System (AIFS), promette di superare le performance dei principali modelli di previsione basati sulla fisica anche del 20%.

Secondo una dichiarazione dell’ECMWF, l’AIFS opera con maggiore velocità rispetto ai modelli tradizionali che operano nel settore. Non solo: questo richiede circa 1.000 volte meno energia per generare le sue previsioni.

In passato, l’ECMWF ha già sviluppato ENS, conosciuto come uno dei migliori sistemi di previsione meteorologica a medio termine attualmente disponibile nel settore. Questi modelli sono essenziali per permettere ai governi di prepararsi a eventi meteorologici estremi e, allo stesso tempo, aiutano i singoli individui a pianificare attività quotidiane e vacanze.

Il nuovo modello AI di ECMWF sfida GenCast di Google

I modelli convenzionali si basano sulla risoluzione di complesse equazioni fisiche, che spesso approssimano il comportamento atmosferico. Al contrario, i modelli gestiti dall’AI hanno il potenziale di comprendere le relazioni e le dinamiche complesse nei sistemi meteorologici direttamente dai dati, piuttosto che dipendere esclusivamente da equazioni.

L’annuncio dell’ECMWF coincide con il rilascio del modello GenCast di Google. Questo modello ha mostrato prestazioni superiori rispetto a ENS, superandolo sul 97,2% degli obiettivi in vari parametri di valutazione. Un’accuratezza che, a quanto pare, aumenta fino al 99,8% se si prendono in esame le previsioni più lunghe di 36 ore.

Di fatto, l’ECMWF entra in diretta competizione con il colosso di Mountain View, con una sfida non solo avvincente, ma che porterà grande innovazione all’intero settore della meteorologia

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