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Perché l'Antitrust italiana contesta l'introduzione di Meta AI in WhatsApp

Perché l'Antitrust italiana contesta l'introduzione di Meta AI in WhatsApp

L’Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato ha aperto un procedimento nei confronti di Meta per possibile abuso di posizione dominante legato all’integrazione forzata di Meta AI su WhatsApp.

L’Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato (AGCM) ha avviato un’istruttoria nei confronti di Meta. Al centro delle verifiche vi è l’aggiunta della funzionalità Meta AI all’interno dell’app di messaggistica WhatsApp, di proprietà di Meta.

L’Antitrust italiana contesta a Meta un comportamento di “tying” (vincolo commerciale), cioè l’abbinamento forzato tra due servizi distinti: WhatsApp, in forza del quale Meta detiene una posizione dominante in Italia e in Europa, e Meta AI, assistente virtuale basato sull’intelligenza artificiale generativa e alimentato dal modello linguistico LLaMA 4. È progettato per rispondere a domande, generare testo e interagire in linguaggio naturale con gli utenti. Il servizio è integrato in app come WhatsApp, Messenger e Instagram, e può essere utilizzato anche tramite browser.

Cosa è successo: lo stretto legame tra Meta AI e WhatsApp

A partire da marzo 2025, Meta ha preinstallato il servizio di intelligenza artificiale Meta AI all’interno dell’app WhatsApp in Italia e in altri Stati membri dell’UE. L’AI è stata integrata automaticamente nel client di messaggistica e in modo prominente, tramite:

  • Un’icona colorata visibile direttamente in WhatsApp;
  • La barra di ricerca con la funzione “Chiedi a Meta AI“;
  • Possibilità di interagire con Meta AI anche nelle chat di gruppo.

Il servizio è stato reso disponibile senza richiesta esplicita da parte degli utenti, che non possono rimuovere né l’icona né la funzione nella barra di ricerca.

Le contestazioni che AGCM ha rivolto a Meta

Il fascicolo aperto da AGCM è volto a valutare un possibile abuso di posizione dominante, ai sensi dell’articolo 102 del Trattato sul Funzionamento dell’Unione Europea (TFUE). Le contestazioni avanzate dall’Antitrust, come conferma il testo del provvedimento, sono incentrate sui seguenti punti:

  1. Preinstallazione forzata e non disattivabile: gli utenti di WhatsApp si trovano automaticamente esposti al servizio di AI, con un’interfaccia che lo rende facilmente accessibile rispetto ai concorrenti.
  2. Possibile sfruttamento illecito della posizione dominante: Meta potrebbe trascinare la sua vasta base di utenti WhatsApp (oltre 120 milioni di utenti in Europa, 37 milioni in Italia) nel mercato delle AI, senza competere sui meriti.
  3. Potenziale uso dei dati per addestramento AI: non è chiaro se le interazioni con Meta AI siano usate per il training del modello. Meta fornisce informazioni contraddittorie tra le FAQ, la Privacy Policy e il modulo di opposizione. Tuttavia, in alcuni documenti ufficiali, si afferma che “we also use your interactions with AI“.
  4. Effetti escludenti e lock-in: il vantaggio competitivo derivante dall’integrazione forzata potrebbe scoraggiare l’uso di AI concorrenti (come ChatGPT, Gemini, ecc.), limitando la concorrenza e potenzialmente creando una dipendenza funzionale, dato che Meta AI personalizza le risposte nel tempo.
  5. Pregiudizio al commercio intraeuropeo: la condotta, avendo impatto su un intero Stato membro, può alterare significativamente la concorrenza nel mercato unico UE, danneggiando l’innovazione e le opportunità per altri operatori.

A valle dell’avvio dell’istruttoria, AGCM ha fissato il 31 dicembre 2026 come termine ultimo per il procedimento. Meta, intanto, ha diritto di essere ascoltata sul tema entro 60 giorni dalla notifica.

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