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Perché sono spariti oltre 500.000 libri da Internet Archive

Perché sono spariti oltre 500.000 libri da Internet Archive

Internet Archive combatte per il diritto fondamentale all'accesso all'informazione ma, nel frattempo, ha dovuto rimuovere 500.000 libri dal suo archivio online. È la conseguenza di un braccio di ferro legale con un gruppo di editori.

Internet Archive, una delle biblioteche online gratuite più importanti al mondo, si trova al centro di una battaglia legale che potrebbe ridefinire l’accesso alla conoscenza nell’era digitale. Dopo la sentenza sfavorevole dell’anno scorso, Internet Archive ha provveduto a rimuovere le versioni digitali di circa 500.000 libri. Si tratta di una perdita devastante, che di fatto sottrae testi preziosi agli utenti che desiderano utilizzarli in consultazione per un periodo di tempo limitato.

Per i giudici d’Oltreoceano, Internet Archive non ha titolo per scannerizzare i libri protetti dal diritto d’autore, rendendoli quindi accessibili dagli utenti. Nel caso di Internet Archive non è stato riconosciuto il principio del fair use, fatto invece valere a suo tempo dalla società di Mountain View nel caso di Google Books (Google Libri in italiano).

Tutto è iniziato quando alcuni editori di libri hanno portato Internet Archive in tribunale, accusandola di violazione del diritto d’autore. Internet Archive, che utilizza tecnologie standard per impedire il download non autorizzato dei testi, ha sempre sostenuto che il suo sistema di prestito digitale controllato rispetta le normative sul copyright. La piattaforma si comporterebbe di fatto come una biblioteca fisica che “presta” le copie dei libri che detiene e le rende indisponibili fintanto che ciascuna copia non viene restituita.

Ben 500.000 libri spariscono da Internet Archive

In un post al vetriolo, in cui Internet Archive fa i “nomi e cognomi” degli editori che l’hanno portata in tribunale, l’organizzazione senza scopo di lucro (che permette anche il download delle immagini ISO di tanti sistemi operativi) spiega perché ha dovuto eliminare 500.000 libri dal suo “catalogo online”.

Chris Freeland, direttore dei servizi di Internet Archive, ha spiegato che l’iniziativa del gruppo di editori ha avuto conseguenze immediate e profonde su tanti utenti, soprattutto su quelli che vivono in aree con accesso limitato alle biblioteche. Sebbene i libri rimossi siano ancora disponibili per le persone con disabilità visive, tutti gli altri sono stati esclusi, portando molti titoli a risultare “non disponibili per il prestito“.

Internet Archive sostiene che il prestito digitale controllato non danneggia il mercato degli e-book e che, al contrario, serve a promuovere l’accesso alla conoscenza e all’informazione, in linea con lo scopo principale della legge sul diritto d’autore. Freeland ha così commentato: “la nostra posizione è semplice; vogliamo solo permettere ai nostri utenti di prendere in prestito e leggere i libri che possediamo, come qualsiasi altra biblioteca“. E ha annunciato l’intenzione di rivolgersi alla Corte d’Appello degli Stati Uniti per convincere i giudici che il prestito digitale controllato dovrebbe essere considerato fair use ai sensi della normativa vigente.

Internet Archive ha anche evidenziato che molte delle opere rimosse sono fuori stampa o scritte da autori deceduti, il cui lavoro non genera più entrate significative per gli editori. Inoltre, molti utenti dipendono dalla biblioteca digitale per accedere a libri su argomenti di nicchia o non disponibili nella loro area geografica.

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