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Reti mobili: il 5G non è sempre meglio del 4G

Reti mobili: il 5G non è sempre meglio del 4G

Analisi di 12 mesi in otto metropoli: il 5G è stabile ma non sempre più veloce o a bassa latenza rispetto a LTE; frequenze, densità di antenne e edge computing fanno la differenza.
Reti mobili: il 5G non è sempre meglio del 4G

Quando si parla di evoluzione tecnologica nelle reti mobili, le aspettative degli utenti sono sempre altissime: la promessa di una connettività rivoluzionaria accompagna ogni nuova generazione. Ma il recente studio congiunto di IMDEA Networks Institute e Northeastern University solleva un interrogativo fondamentale: il 5G è davvero superiore al 4G, oppure la differenza si gioca su altri fattori meno evidenti? Dopo un anno di rilevazioni in otto grandi città del mondo, i risultati sembrano smorzare gli entusiasmi: le prestazioni del 5G non sono automaticamente migliori rispetto a quelle del 4G LTE, e spesso dipendono da scelte infrastrutturali ben precise degli operatori di rete.

Lo studio: 4G Vs 5G

L’analisi condotta dai ricercatori ha portato alla luce dati sorprendenti: in metà delle metropoli esaminate, la latenza del 5G si è rivelata pari o addirittura superiore a quella della tecnologia LTE. In almeno una delle città coinvolte, anche le prestazioni in uplink hanno mostrato risultati inferiori rispetto alle reti di precedente generazione. Questi risultati sfatano il mito di una superiorità tecnologica automatica e suggeriscono che non è lo standard in sé a fare la differenza, ma l’implementazione pratica e le strategie adottate dai provider.

Entrando nel dettaglio, tre sono i fattori chiave che emergono come determinanti per sfruttare appieno il potenziale del 5G: la selezione delle frequenze utilizzate, la densità delle antenne installate sul territorio e l’adozione di soluzioni di edge computing. La scelta delle frequenze, in particolare l’utilizzo delle onde millimetriche ad alta capacità, si rivela cruciale per garantire prestazioni realmente superiori. Tuttavia, la semplice adozione di queste bande non basta: senza una rete di antenne sufficientemente capillare e senza un’infrastruttura di edge computing che avvicini l’elaborazione dei dati all’utente finale, i vantaggi rimangono sulla carta.

Il vero 5G è a Boston

L’esempio di Boston è emblematico: qui, grazie a investimenti significativi in antenne e server di edge computing posizionati strategicamente, i test sulle onde millimetriche hanno restituito prestazioni nettamente superiori rispetto alle altre aree urbane analizzate. Questo dimostra come il vero salto di qualità non sia garantito dalla sola etichetta 5G, ma dalla capacità degli operatori di pianificare e realizzare infrastrutture mirate e avanzate.

Spesso, per ragioni economiche e normative, si privilegia la copertura ampia con bande sub-6 GHz, sacrificando le massime prestazioni ottenibili con le onde millimetriche. L’installazione di nuove antenne richiede permessi specifici e un dialogo costante con le comunità locali, anche per affrontare le preoccupazioni legate alla salute pubblica. Va però sottolineato che gli organismi internazionali hanno confermato l’assenza di rischi per la salute entro i limiti di esposizione stabiliti.

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