Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Site::$pingback is deprecated in /var/www/html/web/app/themes/ilsoftware/vendor/timber/timber/lib/Site.php on line 180

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Scadono i brevetti su H.264 MPEG-4 AVC, sotto il silenzio di tutti

Scadono i brevetti su H.264 MPEG-4 AVC, sotto il silenzio di tutti

H.264, noto anche come MPEG-4 AVC, è stato uno standard ampiamente utilizzato nella compressione video, ad esempio per lo streaming e la distribuzione multimediale. Con la scadenza dei brevetti di gennaio 2025, le aziende non dovranno più pagare royalties a MPEG LA.

H.264, noto anche come MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video Coding), è uno standard di compressione video digitale sviluppato dal Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) e dal Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG). Definito a maggio 2003, H.264 MPEG-4 AVC ha rappresentato un punto di riferimento nella codifica video grazie alla sua efficienza e flessibilità. L’uso commerciale di H.264 ha richiesto il pagamento delle royalties gestite da MPEG LA. Tuttavia, gli utenti finali hanno potuto usare gratuitamente H.264 per lo streaming su Internet grazie alle politiche di MPEG LA, rese meno severe rispetto al passato.

Confrontato con i suoi predecessori, H.264 MPEG-4 AVC offriva caratteristiche avanzate tra cui diversi profili (ad esempio Baseline, Main e High), ciascuno progettato per specifiche applicazioni, un sistema per la riduzione degli artefatti con il miglioramento della qualità visiva a parità di bitrate, l’utilizzo di un numero massimo di 32 immagini di riferimento per migliorare la predizione del movimento, la segmentazione precisa delle regioni dell’immagine con blocchi da 16×16 a 4×4 pixel.

Cosa comporta la scadenza dei brevetti su H.264 MPEG-4 AVC?

I brevetti relativi alle tecnologie alla base del funzionamento di H.264 MPEG-4 AVC sono scaduti, in Italia e in Europa, a fine gennaio 2025.

Con la scadenza dei principali brevetti, le aziende non devono più pagare royalties a MPEG LA per l’uso commerciale di H.264 in molti Paesi, riducendo i costi operativi. Senza il costo aggiuntivo delle royalties, nuove aziende possono entrare nel mercato con prodotti basati su H.264, senza dover affrontare spese significative per le licenze. L’assenza delle barriere legate ai brevetti può stimolare ulteriormente lo sviluppo e l’integrazione di nuove tecnologie video senza il peso delle licenze.

H.264 MPEG-4 AVC va quindi ad aggiungersi a formati audio come MP3 e Dolby Digital AC-3, i cui brevetti sono scaduti nel 2017. All’epoca il Fraunhofer Institute, che deteneva la proprietà intellettuale, si era affrettato a dichiarare come il formato MP3 fosse ormai morto.

In realtà, come ben sappiamo, nonostante la crescita vorticosa delle piattaforme di streaming audio, il formato MP3 è rimasto sempre nei cuori degli utenti. FLAC ne ha raccolto l’eredità presentandosi come un codec audio libero svincolato dagli interessi di qualunque azienda, ma MP3 è rimasto attuale. Ne abbiamo parlato nell’articolo sulle differenze tra MP3, FLAC e DSD. E poi, sempre sul piano dei formati aperti ci sono Ogg Vorbis e Opus.

La stessa cosa è avvenuta sul versante video. Dopo l’esperienza H.264 MPEG-4 AVC, si è sentita forte la necessità di spezzare le catene di MPEG LA. Sviluppato da AOMedia (Alliance for Open Media), il codec AV1 è progettato per essere gratuito e libero da royalties. È ampiamente utilizzato nei servizi di streaming video e on-demand. Legato a pool di brevetti è invece il formato HEVC/H265, che pure assicura una compressione ancora più efficiente rispetto all’H.264.

Maggiori informazioni sulle scadenze dei brevetti possono essere reperite in questa pagina.

Credit immagine in apertura: iStock.com – metamorworks

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