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Se vedete un robot umanoide stategli lontano

Se vedete un robot umanoide stategli lontano

Rodney Brooks mette in dubbio la corsa agli umanoidi bipedi: pericoli fisici per chi gli sta vicino per mancanza di senso del tatto ed eccesso di energia cinetica.
Se vedete un robot umanoide stategli lontano

I robot umanoidi sono sempre più protagonisti tanto delle cronache quanto delle aspettative industriali. Ma sono davvero la svolta che promettono di essere, o piuttosto un miraggio mediatico? È la domanda che si pone Rodney Brooks, pioniere della robotica e voce autorevole nel settore, il quale invita a guardare oltre la superficie scintillante dei prototipi per valutare i reali rischi e limiti di questa tecnologia.

I robot non sono sicuri

Il primo e forse più trascurato aspetto riguarda la sicurezza fisica. Secondo Brooks, i robot umanoidi bipedi, tanto celebrati nei video promozionali, rappresentano una sfida sostanziale proprio sul fronte della sicurezza. La questione si concentra sull’energia cinetica che questi sistemi accumulano per mantenere l’equilibrio: durante un guasto o una caduta, questa energia può essere rilasciata in modo incontrollato, con il rischio concreto di causare danni gravi a persone e cose.

Non si tratta di semplici ipotesi teoriche: Brooks stesso racconta di aver modificato radicalmente il proprio comportamento dopo aver interagito con Digit, il robot sviluppato da Agility Robotics. L’esperienza lo ha portato ad adottare una distanza di sicurezza attorno a queste macchine, consapevole del pericolo insito in un possibile impatto con un arto metallico in movimento.

Questa criticità si riflette direttamente sulle difficoltà di certificazione e regolamentazione. Le autorità preposte richiedono garanzie di sicurezza fisica che, al momento, risultano difficili da assicurare. Un dettaglio tecnico ma fondamentale sottolineato da Brooks riguarda la relazione tra le dimensioni del robot e il rischio associato: raddoppiare la grandezza di un robot significa moltiplicarne la massa di otto volte, incrementando in modo esponenziale la pericolosità di una caduta. Questo scenario complica ulteriormente l’ottenimento delle certificazioni necessarie per l’impiego dei robot umanoidi in ambienti condivisi con gli esseri umani.

I robot non hanno tatto

Oltre alla sicurezza, Brooks mette in luce un secondo limite strutturale: la mancanza di senso del tatto e, di conseguenza, di destrezza nelle interazioni con il mondo fisico. Se le aziende cercano di colmare il divario addestrando le intelligenze artificiali all’imitazione visiva dei comportamenti umani, resta il fatto che le mani dei robot sono ben lontane dalla raffinatezza delle mani umane.

Mentre nella mano dell’uomo operano circa 17.000 meccanocettori, capaci di restituire un feedback tattile continuo e preciso, nei robot questa capacità è praticamente assente. Il risultato? Movimenti goffi e interazioni spesso inadatte con oggetti delicati o ambienti complessi.

Il settore va a gonfie vele

Nonostante queste barriere tecniche e normative, l’industria non sembra rallentare. Aziende come Tesla, Figure e altri colossi tecnologici, guidati da figure visionarie come Elon Musk, continuano a investire somme ingenti nello sviluppo di robot umanoidi.

Le stime economiche sono da capogiro, con previsioni che parlano di impatti nell’ordine di trilioni di dollari. Tuttavia, Brooks mantiene una posizione scettica e definisce questa corsa una vera e propria “illusione costosa”, alimentata più dal marketing che da progressi concreti.

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