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Sfida tra ARM e Qualcomm: perché può essere esplosiva

Sfida tra ARM e Qualcomm: perché può essere esplosiva

L'ascesa della tecnologia ARM è ora minacciata da una disputa legale che vede al centro l'uso della tecnologia ARM nei processori Snapdragon X, sviluppati da Qualcomm.

Ci si aspetta che due realtà del calibro di ARM e Qualcomm collaborino quasi spalla a spalla per sfilare crescenti quote di mercato alle concorrenti soluzioni x86. D’altra parte, non più tardi di giugno 2024, il CEO Rene Haas dichiarava che i SoC ARM avrebbero guadagnato il 50% del mercato PC nel giro di 5 anni. L’amministratore delegato di Qualcomm, Cristiano Amon, riprese le dichiarazioni di Haas valutandole come un obiettivo realistico.

Peccato però che proprio ARM e Qualcomm, che dovrebbero andare d’amore e d’accordo, abbiano avviato una vertenza legale che le vede confrontarsi nelle aule di tribunale. Il nodo del contendere riguarda una questione di uso dei brevetti ARM da parte di Qualcomm.

Secondo ARM, Qualcomm dovrebbe ritirare e distruggere i SoC Snapdragon X perché gli accordi di licenza non consentirebbero l’uso della proprietà intellettuale concessa a Nuvia, società acquisita da Qualcomm nel 2021. Nuvia, startup fondata da ex ingegneri Apple e Google, sviluppava processori custom basati sull’architettura ARM per laptop e server.

Le accuse reciproche tra ARM e Qualcomm

Se da un lato ARM accusa Qualcomm di aver violato gli accordi contrattuali con il rilascio dei processori Snapdragon X per PC, dotati di core general-purpose progettati da Nuvia, Qualcomm controbatte sostenendo che ARM ha cominciato a competere con i suoi stessi clienti offrendo progetti completi di chip per processori destinati a client e data center.

Qualcomm, inoltre, afferma che l’accordo di licenza per l’architettura (ALA) copre pienamente i design di Nuvia e il loro riutilizzo nei core Oryon, che sono alla base degli Snapdragon X.

ARM presenta invece il conto dichiarando che la disputa sulle royalty le avrebbe già causato una perdita stimata di circa 50 milioni di dollari annui, una cifra significativa per l’azienda.

I core Qualcomm Oryon usano meno l’1% della tecnologia originale ARM

Secondo Gerard Williams III, uno dei principali sviluppatori dietro i core Oryon e numerosi processori Apple, solo “un uno percento o meno” della tecnologia acquisita da Nuvia proviene da ARM.

I core Oryon sviluppati da Qualcomm e integrati nei processori Snapdragon X sono basati sull’architettura Armv8 di ARM, ma utilizzano pochissima tecnologia direttamente sviluppata dalla società guidata da Haas.

Il team di Nuvia si è concentrato fin dall’inizio sullo sviluppo di core completamente personalizzati. Questi core sono stati progettati da zero, con pipeline, unità di esecuzione, sistemi di cache e altre componenti interne sviluppate in modo indipendente, senza utilizzare i blocchi circuitali proprietari di ARM o design preconfezionati. Di conseguenza, anche se i core di Nuvia implementano le istruzioni Armv8, condividono pochissima tecnologia direttamente progettata da ARM, al di là del set di istruzioni (ISA) e delle specifiche di base.

Implicazioni future

La disputa tra ARM e Qualcomm ha implicazioni significative per l’intero settore tecnologico. Da un lato, potrebbe ridefinire il modo con cui le licenze architetturali sono interpretate e applicate, influenzando lo sviluppo di CPU personalizzate. Dall’altro, il risultato del caso potrebbe avere un impatto diretto sull’adozione degli Snapdragon X nei dispositivi futuri, specialmente nei mercati PC e datacenter.

Qualcomm mira a difendere la sua libertà di innovare senza restrizioni; ARM deve salvaguardare un modello di business che ha reso possibile l’ascesa di numerose aziende nel settore e, allo stesso tempo, evitare che altri player possano comportarsi come Qualcomm.

Con l’evoluzione di questa controversia, rimane da vedere come la giustizia bilancerà le esigenze di protezione della proprietà intellettuale con l’innovazione tecnologica e la libertà progettuale.

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