Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Site::$pingback is deprecated in /var/www/html/web/app/themes/ilsoftware/vendor/timber/timber/lib/Site.php on line 180

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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Timber\Post::$fonte is deprecated in /var/www/html/web/app/themes/ilsoftware/vendor/timber/timber/lib/Core.php on line 71

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Windows 11 SE: cos'è e come in realtà può avviare anche file eseguibili

Windows 11 SE: cos'è e come in realtà può avviare anche file eseguibili

Cos'è e come funziona Windows 11 SE, il sistema operativo Microsoft cloud-first progettato innanzi tutto per le scuole, gli insegnanti e gli studenti. Un ricercatore indipendente dimostra, tuttavia, che è possibile superare alcune limitazioni e, ad esempio, eseguire file arbitrari.

Quando nacque il sistema operativo Microsoft non soltanto non c’era il cloud ma non era disponibile neppure la rete Internet. Nel 1989, Tim Berners-Lee propose un progetto globale  basato sull’utilizzo di ipertesti, poi noto come World Wide Web, mentre soltanto nel 1995 Bill Gates prevedeva la Internet moderna e ne descriveva le caratteristiche.

Mentre i Chromebook sono nati da un’azienda, Google, che è nata nella “rete delle reti”, Microsoft non aveva un sistema operativo simile. Anche perché, forse, non ha mai avuto interesse a crearlo. Le varie funzionalità cloud, come OneDrive e Microsoft 365, sono diventate parte integranti di Windows con il tempo e oggi il loro utilizzo viene proposto e “sollecitato” addirittura durante la fase finale dell’installazione del sistema operativo. Il progetto Windows 365 Cloud mira a rendere fruibile, attraverso il cloud, un’istanza del sistema operativo da qualsiasi dispositivo dotato di una configurazione hardware modesta.

Esisteva già Windows S, edizione speciale del sistema operativo che consente di installare e usare soltanto app provenienti dal Microsoft Store (tra l’altro è anche aggiornabile alle edizioni complete). Non c’era però, ad oggi, un’edizione di Windows davvero incentrata sul cloud.

Cos’è Windows 11 SE e quali sono le sue caratteristiche

Microsoft spiega che Windows 11 SE è una piattaforma creata sia per gli insegnanti che hanno bisogno di un ambiente semplice e privo di distrazioni, anche a vantaggio degli utenti, sia per fornire agli amministratori IT della scuola dispositivi sicuri, facili da distribuire e gestire.

Rispetto alle tradizionali edizioni di Windows, Windows 11 SE integra un’interfaccia utente semplificata, il controllo delle app installate solo da parte degli amministratori IT, l’impossibilità per gli utenti di accedere al Microsoft Store o scaricare app da Internet, l’integrazione e interazione diretta delle cartelle di sistema Desktop, Documenti e Foto con il cloud di OneDrive. Windows 11 SE supporta tutte le applicazioni Web e un elenco selezionato di programmi desktop: si tratta di una piattaforma dichiaratamente cloud-first.

Andrew Enderman, in un video di recente pubblicazione su YouTube, è tuttavia riuscito a dimostrare che alcune delle restrizioni imposte in Windows 11 SE possono comunque essere superate.

La E-mode impone una serie di limitazioni ancora più restrittive

Innanzi tutto, la cosiddetta E-mode si configura come un’aggiunta a Windows S. Si tratta infatti di un filtro aggiuntivo e ancora più severo per le applicazioni eseguibili sul sistema Windows. L'”interruttore” che abilita la E-mode è il valore EmodePolicyRequired, racchiuso nella chiave HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\CI\Policy del registro di sistema.

Come spiegato, ad esempio, nell’articolo dedicato a come recuperare la password di Windows 10 dimenticata, è possibile forzare il caricamento del registro di sistema di Windows 11 SE, installato sulla macchina, quindi modificare il valore DWORD EmodePolicyRequired impostandolo a 0.

Secondo Enderman, che ha fornito la prova provata del suo lavoro, i filtri imposti dalla E-mode possono tuttavia essere superati eliminando tutti i file Code Integrity Policy (.cip) dalla partizione EFI in uso sul sistema. In particolare, rimuovendo il contenuto della directory EFI\Microsoft\Boot\CIPolicies\Active, il sistema rimane nella modalità “SE” ma diventa ad esempio possibile avviare qualsiasi eseguibile.

L’unico “fastidio” deriva dal fatto che Esplora file non permette di accedere all’intero file system (ad esempio all’unità C:) consentendo l’utilizzo dei contenuti di quella manciata di cartelle autorizzate (ad esempio Desktop, Documenti e Foto). Si tratta tuttavia di una limitazione che ha senso proprio perché Windows 11 SE è un sistema operativo nato per lavorare sul cloud.

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