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Zilog Z80, la CPU a 8 bit diventa aperta e libera

Zilog Z80, la CPU a 8 bit diventa aperta e libera

Zilog pone fine alla produzione della storica CPU Z80. Nasce quindi un progetto aperto, su GitHub, che permette di realizzare un processore a 8 bit libero e open source. Identico a quello progettato negli anni '70 da Federico Faggin.

Lanciata sul mercato nel lontano 1976, Zilog Z80 è un microprocessore a 8 bit che ha ricoperto un ruolo significativo nello sviluppo dell’industria dei computer e dell’elettronica. Una delle sue caratteristiche “fondanti” è che lo Z80 era studiato per risultare compatibile a livello di codice con l’Intel 8080. Ciò significa che i programmi scritti per la CPU Intel 8080 potevano e possono ancora oggi essere eseguiti su Z80, senza necessitare di alcuna modifica.

Ampiamente utilizzato in molti personal computer e sistemi embedded degli anni ’70 e ’80, ne ricordiamo la sua adozione in sistemi come gli storici Sinclair ZX80, ZX81 e ZX Spectrum. Fu tuttavia adottato in molteplici altri campi, grazie anche al fatto che si trattava di un’opzione piuttosto economica.

Zilog Z80, CPU a 8 bit: cosa significa

Il termine CPU a 8 bit si riferisce alla larghezza del bus di dati, ovvero il numero di bit che l’unità centrale di elaborazione può gestire contemporaneamente. In un altro articolo abbiamo parlato della corsa dagli 8 bit ai 64 bit e perché non si senta assolutamente il bisogno di una migrazione ai 128 bit.

Il processore Z80 è dotato di un set di istruzioni ricco e versatile per l’epoca, che ha reso possibile la realizzazione di una vasta gamma di applicazioni, dalle più semplici alle più complesse.

Negli anni ’70 e ’80, le risorse di memoria e di calcolo erano limitate. Una CPU a 8 bit era più che sufficiente per le esigenze di molti computer personali e sistemi embedded di quell’epoca. L’utilizzo di una larghezza di bus dati contenuta aiutava a risparmiare risorse computazionali, in proporzione rispetto ad oggi molto più costose e limitate.

Nel 2024 arriva il clone di Zilog Z80: una CPU libera e open source

A distanza di 48 anni esatti, Zilog ha annunciato il ritiro della CPU Z80. Incredibile ma vero: dopo così tanto tempo, l’azienda fondata quasi cinquant’anni fa dall’italiano Federico Faggin assicurava ancora la possibilità di acquistare le storiche CPU.

A dispetto dei decenni sulle spalle, vere e proprie ere geologiche nel campo dell’informatica, il processore Z80 ha mantenuto una notevole popolarità e utilizzo. La richiesta e l’interesse per questo processore, rimasti significativi, hanno spinto Zilog a garantirne ancora oggi la disponibilità.

Adesso che Z80 ha raggiunto il suo “fine vita”, questo repository GitHub annuncia la disponibilità di un clone moderno della CPU Z80. L’obiettivo mantenere in vita uno dei processori più iconici dell’intera storia dell’informatica.

La prima iterazione della CPU Z80 libera e open source è sviluppata con Tiny Tapeout 07 utilizzando un processo costruttivo a 130 nm e si sviluppa su un die che misura 0,064 mm2 di superficie. La realizzazione dei primi esemplari è programmata per giugno 2024.

Il nome del progetto, battezzato FOSS Z80 (Free and Open Source Silicon Z80), mette in evidenza il fatto che hardware e software sono liberi e open source: possono quindi essere utilizzati, studiati, modificati e distribuiti liberamente da chiunque.

Su GitHub è pubblicato anche lo schema dei pin, oltre ad esempio alla lista dei brevetti ormai scaduti che costituiscono la base dello sviluppo di una CPU come Z80.

Credit immagine in apertura: Christian Bassow, licenza CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED.

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